For example, lightning striking a nearby tree may vaporize sap, and the steam explosion often causes bark and wood fragments to be explosively ejected. Other physical injury can be caused by objects damaged or thrown by the lightning strike. Just as heat can cause expanding air in the lungs, the explosive shock wave created by lightning (the cause of thunder) can cause concussive and hearing damage at extremely close range. The intense heat generated by a lightning strike can burn tissue, and cause lung damage, and the chest can be damaged by the mechanical force of rapidly expanding heated air. The brief duration of the exposure frequently limits the damage to the outer layer of skin. They also generally occur on the upper body. The marks are formed when capillaries beneath the skin rupture due to the electrical discharge and they usually appear "within hours" of the strike though they tend to disappear within a few days. These tree-like lesions resemble feathering or ferning, and are also called Lichtenberg figures. Lightning burns result from energy caused by lightning strikes, and are characterized by a unique pattern of skin lesions. Loss of consciousness is very common immediately after a strike. Note the slight branching redness traveling up the victim's leg from the effects of the current.Ĭommon injuries caused by lightning include: muscle pains, broken bones, cardiac arrest, confusion, hearing loss, seizures, burns, behavioral changes, and ocular cataracts. Signs and symptoms Ī person who was affected by a nearby lightning strike. The age group most commonly affected is 20 to 45 years old. Males are affected four times more often than females. In the United States, about 1 in 10,000 people are hit by lightning during their lifetime. Among pregnant women who are hit by lightning, the death of the fetus occurs in about half. Areas with mountainous terrain and moisture-heavy airflow, such as Central Africa, have the highest rates of lightning strikes. It is estimated that lightning injuries occur 240,000 times a year with 24,000 deaths. In those who have a central pulse but are not breathing artificial ventilation, such as mouth to mouth, is recommended. Among those who appear in cardiac arrest and have no central pulse, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be started. When indoors the use of devices connected to electrical outlets and contact with water is not recommended. If being outdoors is unavoidable, bringing the feet and knees together is recommended (if possible, while crouching low in the 'lightning position'- crouched low, hands over ears, feet touching if possible) so as to provide only one point of contact with the ground. Prevention includes avoiding being outdoors during a thunderstorm, and sheltering in a fully enclosed structure (such a closed building or metal car). Diagnosis is typically based on history of the injury and examination. The mechanism of the injuries may include electrical injury, burns from heat, and mechanical trauma. Direct strikes make up about 5% of injuries. Contact injury occurs when the person is touching the object that is hit. Side splash makes up about a third of cases and occurs when lightning strikes nearby and jumps through the air to the person. Ground current make up about half of cases and occurs when the lightning strikes nearby and travels to the person through the ground. Lightning injuries are divided into direct strikes, side splash, contact injury, and ground current. If death occurs it is typically from either an abnormal heart rhythm or respiratory failure. Of those who survive, about 75% have ongoing health problems as a result, such as cataracts and hearing loss. Other symptoms may include burns and blunt injuries. While the asystole may resolve spontaneously fairly rapidly, the respiratory arrest is typically more prolonged. Initial symptoms may include heart asystole and respiratory arrest. Lightning injuries are injuries caused by a lightning strike. Multiple lightning bolts strike a populated area.ĭirect strikes, side splash, contact injury, ground current īased on history of the injury and examination Īvoiding the outdoors during a thunderstorm sheltering in a fully-enclosed structure if still outdoors, assuming 'lightning position' before a strike
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Bluto evolved into an ape, a form Miyamoto claimed was "nothing too evil or repulsive". He meant to mirror the rivalry between comic characters Bluto and Popeye for the woman Olive Oyl, although Nintendo's original intentions to gain rights to Popeye failed. Miyamoto imagined many characters and plot concepts, but eventually settled on a love triangle between a gorilla, a carpenter, and a woman. Nintendo's head engineer, Gunpei Yokoi, supervised the project. He tasked Miyamoto with the conversion, : 157 about which Miyamoto has said self-deprecatingly that "no one else was available" to do the work. Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi decided to convert unsold Radar Scope units into a new arcade game. The game achieved moderate success in Japan, but by 1981, Nintendo's efforts to break it into the North American video game market had failed, leaving them with a large number of unsold units and on the verge of financial collapse. He first helped the company develop a game after the 1980 release Radar Scope. Miyamoto helped create the art for the coin-operated arcade game, Sheriff. After showing some of his toy creations, he was hired in 1977 as an apprentice in the planning department. Through a mutual friend, Miyamoto's father arranged an interview with Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi. In the 1970s, Nintendo was a relatively small Japanese company that sold playing cards and other novelties, although it had started to branch out into toys and games in the 1960s. And because I am so pioneering and trying to keep at the forefront, I have grown accustomed to first creating the very tools necessary for game creation. I am not an engineer, but I have had the opportunities to learn the principles of game from scratch, over a long period of time. I feel that I have been very lucky to be a game designer since the dawn of the industry. Career 1977–1984: Arcade beginnings and Donkey Kong He was inspired to enter the video game industry by the 1978 arcade hit Space Invaders. He was influenced by manga's classical kishōtenketsu narrative structure, as well as Western genre television shows. He had a love for manga and initially hoped to become a professional manga artist before considering a career in video games. Miyamoto graduated from Kanazawa Municipal College of Industrial Arts with a degree in industrial design. His expeditions into the Kyoto countryside inspired his later work, particularly The Legend of Zelda, a seminal video game. He discovered a cave, and, after days of hesitation, went inside. įrom an early age, Miyamoto explored the natural areas around his home. His parents were of "modest means", and his father taught the English language. Miyamoto was born on November 16, 1952, in the Japanese town of Sonobe, Kyoto Prefecture. Miyamoto graduated from Kanazawa College of Art in Ishikawa Prefecture. Following the death of Nintendo president Satoru Iwata in July 2015, Miyamoto became acting president alongside Genyo Takeda until he was formally appointed "Creative Fellow" a few months later. He managed Nintendo's Entertainment Analysis & Development software division, which developed many Nintendo games, and he played an important role in the creation of other influential games such as Pokémon Red and Blue and Metroid Prime. His games have been flagships of every Nintendo video game console, from the arcade machines of the late 1970s to the present day. (1985) and the action-adventure game The Legend of Zelda (1986) helped the Nintendo Entertainment System dominate the console game market. Miyamoto's platform game Super Mario Bros. He helped create art for the arcade game Sheriff, and was later tasked with designing a new arcade game, leading to the 1981 game Donkey Kong. With the help of his father, he joined Nintendo in 1977 after impressing then-president Hiroshi Yamauchi with his toys. He originally sought a career as a manga artist, until developing an interest in video games. Widely regarded as one of the most accomplished and influential designers in the history of video games, he is the creator of some of the most acclaimed and best-selling game franchises of all time, including Mario, The Legend of Zelda, Donkey Kong, Star Fox and Pikmin.īorn in Sonobe, Kyoto, Miyamoto graduated from Kanazawa Municipal College of Industrial Arts. Shigeru Miyamoto ( Japanese: 宮本 茂, Hepburn: Miyamoto Shigeru, born November 16, 1952) is a Japanese video game designer, producer and game director at Nintendo, where he serves as one of its representative directors. Representative Director at Nintendo (2002–present) Senior Managing Director at Nintendo (2002–2015) General Manager of Nintendo EAD (1984–2015) The fear that Biden is entertaining going further in negotiations than some in his own party are comfortable with is driving a Democratic backup plan to get around having to strike any compromise with McCarthy. And I think we have a structure now and everybody's working hard," McCarthy told reporters Thursday morning.īut with two weeks before the country runs out of money to pay its bills and negotiations limited to a tight circle of the president's and the speaker's negotiators, many progressive lawmakers are nervous about the lack of details about what is or isn't on the table.Ī key issue causing many on the left heartburn is Biden's recent signal that he's considering some changes to federal safety net programs, a central Republican demand. "I see the path that we could come to an agreement. Some Democrats on Capitol Hill are growing increasingly worried that President Biden will give into too many demands from House Speaker Kevin McCarthy in continuing talks over a deal to avoid a historic debt default.Īfter a second White House meeting earlier this week, and staff talks in the last couple of days, Biden and McCarthy both expressed optimism that a deal could get done. A group of Senate Democrats sent a letter to President Biden urging him to invoke the 14th Amendment to avoid a debt default if he can't reach a deal with Republicans. Bernie Sanders of Vermont and Ed Markey of Massachusetts, addressed concerns about debt limit negotiations during a press conference on Thursday. |
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